International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
type: channel
description: International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies (ISSN: 2709-1554) is a double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development. It covers the latest developments in the broad areas of biology, physics and chemistry. The journal offers readers free access to all new research issues relevant to business and management. While the journal strives to […] Read More
publisher: Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
issn: 2709-1554
items: Synergizing Big Data and Biotechnology for Innovation in Healthcare, Pharmaceutical Development, and Fungal Research
items: Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Gene Expression Profiles in Saliva Following Orthodontic Application Force
items: Investigation of Amoxicillin Usage to Treatment of Diseases in Faizabad City of Badakhshan Province
items: A Study on the Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnant Women and Its Relationship with Blood Groups in Kunduz City
items: Quality of Bali Cattle Spermatozoa During Cryopreservation in Egg Yolk Tris Diluent with Vitamin E
items: Fire Detection in Gas-to-Liquids Processing Facilities: Challenges and Innovations in Early Warning Systems
items: Vitamin D Supplements Overdose Toxicity: A Review Article
items: Greenhouse Gases and their Role in Air Pollution and Global Warming
items: Gut Microbiome and Microglial Interactions in Neurodegenerative Diseases
items: Genetic Diversity of the Mango Plant Based on Rapd Marks: Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA
items: Current Status of Marco Polo Sheep (Ovis ammon polii) in the Pamir Mountains of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan
items: The Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Surface Roughness and Crystal Structure of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Electron Beam Evaporation Method on Glass Substrate
items: Correlation of Whole Blood Cell Morphology on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopic Characteristics on the Severity Level of Ischemic Stroke Patients
items: Physico-chemical characterization of Lake Togbadji
items: Isolation and Characterization of Phenol degrading Bacteria from Wastewater
items: Effect of Pre-treatments on Shelf Life and Quality of Dried Pineapples (Ananas comosus)
items: GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in the Methanolic Extract of Uncaria callophylla Blume ex Korth. Stems
items: The Investigating of the Effect of Magnetic Field on a Flint Glass for Optical Isolators Applications
items: The Study of ZnO-NRs and Ge-chips Bandgaps for the Elimination of Elemental Semiconductors and Compound Semiconductors Applications
items: Determination of the Optimum Operating Conditions for Integrated Methanol and Ethanol Plant from Natural Gas Reactors
items: Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Nutritional Profile of Ziziphus mauritiana Fruit Juice
items: Calculation of the Chemical Shift of N-15 by Quantum Mechanics
items: Supplementation of Bouea macrophylla Fruit Juice Prevent Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed with High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet through Attenuation of Lipid Peroxidation
items: Identification of Chemical Compounds in Ziziphus mauritiana Fruit Juice by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analysis
items: GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Bouea macrophylla Fruit Juice
items: Nanoparticle-induced Ferroptosis for Cancer Therapy
items: The Use of Lasers (Ablative Laser, Non-ablative Laser, Fractional Laser, Photobiomodulation (PBM)) in Skin Regeneration
items: Analysis of Heavy Metal (Hg, Pb, Ni) Content in Marsh Clam, Polymesoda expansa Collected from Butuan Bay, Philippines
items: Biofilm forming Enterococci and their Status as Emerging Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
items: Conversion of Palm Oil (CPO) into Fuel Biogasoline through Thermal Cracking Using a Catalyst Based Na-Bentonite and Limestone of Soil Limestone NTT

Synergizing Big Data and Biotechnology for Innovation in Healthcare, Pharmaceutical Development, and Fungal Research
type: item
description: The convergence of big data and biotechnology is transforming the landscape of healthcare, pharmaceutical research, and fungal biology. This review explores the emerging synergy across these domains, emphasizing predictive analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) enabling real-time decision-making, accelerating drug discovery, and advancing ecological and mycological research. In healthcare, big data collected from electronic health records (EHRs), wearable devices, and population-level datasets support early disease detection, risk stratification, and personalized treatment plans. In pharmaceuticals, AI models including deep learning and generative framework streamline drug development by facilitating target identification, virtual screening, and predictive ADMET modeling. These innovations have significantly reduced development timelines and improved precision in therapeutic design. Parallel advancements in fungal biotechnology, driven by image-based classification and genomic analysis, are revealing fungi as critical sources of bioactive compounds, enzymes, and ecological indicators. Predictive models are now capable of identifying fungal species, mapping metabolic pathways, and forecasting ecological patterns, thus positioning fungi at the intersection of environmental monitoring and drug discovery. Despite these advances, challenges persist including data interoperability, algorithmic bias, regulatory barriers, and ethical concerns related to privacy, equity, and bioprospecting. This review also discusses the infrastructure needed to support cross-sector innovation, such as cloud computing, graph neural networks, FAIR data standards, and open science platforms. It outlines strategic priorities for building integrated, explainable, and accessible AI systems, particularly in underserved regions. By highlighting case studies, shared challenges, and future directions, the review underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Big Data Analytics
  topic: keywords
subject: Biotechnology
  topic: keywords
subject: Predictive Modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Fungal Bioinformatics
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Tanvir
creator: Bismi Jatil Alia Juie
creator: Nadia Terasa Tisha
creator: Md Majedur Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2020-12-28
publication date: 2020-12-28
starting page: 23
ending page: 32
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2020.2.2.4

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Gene Expression Profiles in Saliva Following Orthodontic Application Force
type: item
description: Orthodontic treatment applies mechanical forces that induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response within the periodontal tissue, potentially affecting oral health. Non-invasive diagnostic method through saliva offering a promising medium for evaluating oxidative stress biomarkers and gene expression profiles. This cross-sectional study assessed salivary biomarkers and the expression of the IL-1β and IL-8 genes in patients with orthodontic appliances, as these factors are crucial in inflammation, bone resorption, and remodeling during orthodontic treatment. Thirty orthodontic patients with fixed metallic appliances (≥6 months) and thirty matched healthy controls, ages 18 to 35, participated in this cross-sectional study. Salivary biomarkers, such as total protein concentration and oxidative stress markers were measured using standard assays. The expression of target genes was determined through Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR and the results were presented as fold change values. Oxidative stress markers demonstrated significant differences between groups, with the case group exhibiting notably higher levels of 8-OHdG (p = 0.0067), MDA (p = 0.0031), TAC (p = 0.0074), and TBARS (p < 0.0001). Orthodontic patients also displayed significantly elevated mean fold changes in IL-1β (p < 0.0001; 4.4) and IL-8 (p < 0.0001; 5.45) gene expression relative to controls. Furthermore, positive correlations were reported between the target genes and oxidative stress indicators, particularly MDA and 8-OHdG. A significant increase in oxidative stress levels and changes in salivary Interleukin-1 beta and Interleukin-8 gene expression have been observed during orthodontic treatment.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: IL-1β, IL-8, Bone remodeling, Gene expression, Inflammation, Orthodontic forces, Oxidative stress, Saliva biomarkers.
  topic: keywords
creator: Tara Hamad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
starting page: 33
ending page: 43
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2025.7.1.5

Investigation of Amoxicillin Usage to Treatment of Diseases in Faizabad City of Badakhshan Province
type: item
description: Amoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring in its chemical structure and can inhibit the formation of bacterial cell walls. Due to the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating diseases, people utilize this drug widely. This study aims to investigate the consumption rate of amoxicillin and its impact on humans in the Faizabad city of Badakhshan province. Interviews were conducted between January and March 2024 by using structured questionnaires. In total, 116 informants from 93 households were interviewed and respondents were selected randomly. The results revealed that residents of this city used amoxicillin to treat nine types of diseases, such as throat inflammation, tooth infections, stomach infections, ear infections, and kidney infections. The highest impact of amoxicillin was reported on throat inflammation (20%), tooth infections (19.9%), stomach infections (19.5%), ear infections (18.3%), kidney infections (7.2%), chest infections (7%), and the lowest impact was observed on the common cold (3,6%), urinary tract infections (3%), and sinusitis (1,3%). In conclusion, the residents of Faizabad city widely used amoxicillin for the treatment of nine types of diseases.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Faizabad, Residents, Utilize, Amoxicillin and Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Zuhal Sediqi
creator: Sayed Mohammad Ramish
creator: Abdul Raouf Faiq
creator: Abdul Hallim Majidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-05-25
publication date: 2025-05-25
starting page: 25
ending page: 32
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2025.7.1.4

A Study on the Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnant Women and Its Relationship with Blood Groups in Kunduz City
type: item
description: Anemia is a common issue at various stages of women's lives, particularly during pregnancy. This condition refers to a state in which the capacity of transporting oxygen is reduced; this occurs due to a decrease in the number of red blood cells or decrease in level of hemoglobin.T his study aims to determine the prevalence of Anemia in pregnant women and the significance of relationship between blood groups and Anemia. This research is a survey study that examined 727 pregnant women. The studied population includes all pregnant women visiting health centers in Kunduz city. Sampling was conducted randomly, with samples selected randomly from each healthcare center. The pregnant women included in the study are aged between 16 and 48 years. In completing the designated checklist, the patients' characteristics, including age, blood group, hemoglobin level, Rh factor, number of children (both girls and boys), age at marriage, and intervals between breeding are recorded. The data was entered into SPSS 27 software to analyze the prevalence of Anemia and significance of blood groups. The results of this study indicate that the average hemoglobin level in pregnant women is 10.42 grams, with a maximum of 14 grams and a minimum of 4.7 grams. More than 65% of pregnant women in Kunduz province suffer from Anemia. The highest prevalence of Anemia is observed among the Arab and Turkmen ethnic groups. The average age at marriage for the patients is 21 years, and the average interval between breeding is 1.1 years, with a maximum number of children being 8 and a minimum of 1. Additionally, 87.2% of blood groups have a positive Rh factor, while 12.8% are Rh negative. The results indicate that more than half of pregnant women in Kunduz province suffer from Anemia, which in total it makes 65.2%. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between blood groups and Anemia.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Anemia, Blood Group, Relationship, Pregnant Women, Kunduz City
  topic: keywords
creator: Salma Yousufza
creator: Shamsurahman Shams
creator: Mohammad Bashir Shahi
creator: Ghulam Rafi Habibzada
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2025-10-05
publication date: 2025-10-05
starting page: 01
ending page: 05
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2025.7.2.1

Quality of Bali Cattle Spermatozoa During Cryopreservation in Egg Yolk Tris Diluent with Vitamin E
type: item
description: Freezing during cryopreservation causes lipid peroxidation in the plasma membrane of spermatozoa. Vitamin E contains antioxidants that can inhibit the formation of free radicals. The study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin E in egg yolk tris diluent to improve sperm quality during the cryopreservation process with different freezing times on Bali cattle spermatozoa's motility, viability, and recovery rate. Semen was collected using the artificial vagina. The study used an experimental method with a factorial complete randomized design. The first factor was the dosing of vitamin E in 100 ml of egg yolk tris diluent, namely control (without vitamin E), doses of 0,2 g; 0,4 g; and 0,6 g with 3 replicates. The second factor was freezing time on day 0, 2, and 8. Data results were analyzed with Anova One Way, if the significant effect in further test with DMRT level 5 %. The results showed that the dosing of vitamin E and freezing time had a significant effect (P<0.05) on motility and viability of spermatozoa. In the recovery rate of spermatozoa with vitamin E dosing had a significant effect (P<0.05) and freezing time had no significant effect (P<0.05). The interaction of vitamin E dosing and freezing time had a significant effect (P<0.05) on motility and viability. The interaction of Vitamin E dosing on spermatozoa recovery rate was significant (P<0.05). The highest quality value of Bali cattle spermatozoa was in the dose of vitamin E 0.6 g/100 ml of egg yolk Tris diluent on day 8 on motility of 89.10%, viability of 93.33%, and recovery rate of 105.81%. Suspected, the antioxidant content of alpha-tocopherol in vitamin E can affect the quality of Bali cattle spermatozoa during cryopreservation.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Bali cattle
  topic: keywords
subject: spermatozoa
  topic: keywords
subject: vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)
  topic: keywords
creator: Nabilatul Firdausin Nada
creator: Dedi Junianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2025-02-27
publication date: 2025-02-27
starting page: 14
ending page: 24
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2025.7.1.3

Fire Detection in Gas-to-Liquids Processing Facilities: Challenges and Innovations in Early Warning Systems
type: item
description: Fire detection is crucial to safety in Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) processing plants due to volatile hydrocarbons, high-pressure systems, and intricate activities. This study studies GTL plant fires, concentrating on causes and better detection methods. Equipment failures (28.7%) were the main cause of fires, frequently due to inadequate upkeep and aged infrastructure. Electrical problems (14.3%) and environmental causes (15%) also posed dangers, while operational errors (22.4%) and pipeline corrosion (19.6%) were major contributors. The study also finds that processing units (95%), storage tanks (85%), and pipelines (75%) are the most fire-prone areas in GTL plants. Fire risk evaluations reveal that early identification is critical in minimizing fire spread, particularly during the first 3–4 minutes of ignition, since temperature escalation beyond this threshold leads to fast fire amplification and uncontrolled spread. Traditional fire detection systems, relying on heat and smoke sensors, demonstrate moderate efficiency (~70%) but suffer from significant false alarm rates (20%). Infrared technology enhances detection performance by around 80%, however it is susceptible to thermal interference. Machine learning and real-time video analytics enhance AI fire detection, achieving 95% efficiency with a 5% false alarm rate. IoT-integrated fire detection systems provide a contemporary solution, with around 98% efficiency with minimal false alarms (2.5%), so enabling rapid emergency response. This study underlines the need for artificial intelligence, IoT, and real-time analytics to raise fire safety in GTL facilities, therefore enabling quick diagnosis and mitigation of industrial fire hazards. Therefore, proactive fire risk management involving smart detection and predictive analytics determines the sustainable and safe operating of GTL processing plants.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Fire Dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Fire Detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Fire Risk
  topic: keywords
subject: Gas-to-Liquids (GTL)
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovation Technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Dalower Hossain
creator: Daniel Kashetu Alasa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2024-12-21
publication date: 2024-12-21
starting page: 07
ending page: 13
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2024.6.2.2

Vitamin D Supplements Overdose Toxicity: A Review Article
type: item
description: Hypervitaminosis D, also known as vitamin D toxicity, is an uncommon but serious condition that occurs when the concentration of vitamin D is much higher than the body needs due to taking large doses of its supplements instead of the diet or even exposure to sunlight. The body regulates the amount of vitamin D entering it as a result of exposure to sunlight. one of serious consequences of vitamin D toxicity is accumulation of calcium in the body, which causes symptoms of nausea, vomiting, weakness, & frequent urination due to (hypercalciuria). These symptoms may develop to extend to bone pain & kidney problems such as calcium stones. This condition is treated by stopping taking the vitamin and reducing foods that contain a lot of calcium, as appropriate treatments are prescribed by the doctor and are given in the form of intravenous fluids & medications such as Corticosteroids or Bisphosphonates. When taking (60,000) IU of vitamin D daily for several months it is considered toxic because this level is much higher than the permissible and recommended limit by Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), which is 600 international units of vitamin D daily. In certain cases, higher doses than permitted are used to treating some medical conditions, such as severe vitamin D deficiency, but they must be taken under the supervision of a doctor and at a specific time, while monitoring calcium levels.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Vitamin D
  topic: keywords
subject: Supplements,
  topic: keywords
subject: Dietary sources
  topic: keywords
subject: Toxicity
  topic: keywords
creator: Zainab Abdul Kareem Abbas
creator: Zahraa Ch. Hameed
creator: Sarah Alwan Malik Al-Yasiri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2025-01-19
publication date: 2025-01-19
starting page: 01
ending page: 05
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2025.7.1.1

Greenhouse Gases and their Role in Air Pollution and Global Warming
type: item
description: Today, one of the most significant global challenges is the increase in climate change due to the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide gas, resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels, and methane are recognized as the primary greenhouse gases and the foremost contributors to climate change. Population density, increased vehicular traffic, industrial factories, and neglect of environmental concerns are major factors influencing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Recent global studies indicate that since the onset of the Industrial Revolution—a period marked by a significant rise in fossil fuel consumption—human activity has played a crucial role in the process of climate change and global warming through the production and emission of greenhouse gases. Understanding how these types of pollution evolve requires attention to the various factors affecting their emission. Accordingly, this study collects and examines data obtained from library-based research using a descriptive-analytical method. Consequences of the greenhouse effect include flooding, reduction in potable water and agricultural products, increased soil erosion, the extinction of some plant and animal species, and the migration of certain population groups. These consequences underscore the necessity and importance of focusing on the use of renewable energy sources.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable Energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon Dioxide
  topic: keywords
subject: Greenhouse Gases
  topic: keywords
subject: Environment
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohmmad Salim Karimi
creator: Shala Arif
creator: Borhanudin Noori
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2025-02-02
publication date: 2025-02-02
starting page: 06
ending page: 13
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2025.7.1.2

Gut Microbiome and Microglial Interactions in Neurodegenerative Diseases
type: item
description: The gut microbiome is a diverse ecosystem of trillions of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiome has been an area of growing interest as new methods, such as sequencing and culturing techniques, have developed, shedding light on the extensive effects the gut microbiome has on various other body systems. This review focuses on the neurological system and the communication pathways between the gut and brain via the gut-brain axis. Because of the gut-brain axis, a healthy gut environment fosters increased healthiness of the brain, but when the microbiome is imbalanced - a condition called dysbiosis - brain health suffers. When dysbiosis occurs, several negative ramifications occur in various parts of the body. In the brain, microglia cells (innate immune response cells) can express a different phenotype and may be overactivated, resulting in the initiation of proinflammatory pathways. Inflammation in the brain, or neuroinflammation, is a characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Complex interactions between the gut microbiome and microglia exist, including how gut-derived metabolites such as trimethylamine oxide and short-chain fatty acids increase microglial activation and neuroinflammation. However, therapeutic approaches targeting microglia and the gut-brain axis through tryptophan metabolites and bile salts mitigate neuroinflammation. Understanding these mechanisms opens potential avenues for reducing neuroinflammation and treating neurodegenerative diseases through the gut microbiome and microglia relationship.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Gut microbiome
  topic: keywords
subject: Microglia
  topic: keywords
subject: Neuroinflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: Alzheimer's disease
  topic: keywords
subject: dysbiosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Sindhu Vemulapalli
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2024-08-21
publication date: 2024-08-21
starting page: 01
ending page: 06
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2024.6.2.1

Genetic Diversity of the Mango Plant Based on Rapd Marks: Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA
type: item
description: Mangosteen is a tropical fruit commodity that is Indonesia's leading export. The location and characterization of mangosteen germplasm and protective relatives are key in the conservation and use of genetic and mangosteen resources. Genetic improvement programs rely heavily on existing genetic resources. This research aims to analyze the genetic diversity of mangosteen plants based on RAPD markers. This research was carried out in Bulukumba Regency through genotypic observation and evaluation in the laboratory, as well as genetic observation through DNA band pattern analysis using the RAPD technique in the laboratory. The results of this research obtained information on phenotypic and genetic diversity, as well as obtaining superior candidate parents for mangosteen, obtaining information about the consistency of genetic variability between parent and progeny of Bulukumba mangosteen, recommending the most effective mangosteen characterization method in describing genetic variability and grouping mangosteen accessions and relatives involved.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Mangosteen, Genetic Diversity, RADP
  topic: keywords
creator: Zulkifli Maulana
creator: Muhammad Arief Nasution
creator: Andi Muhibuddin
creator: Rachmawaty
creator: Haeruddin Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2024-06-05
publication date: 2024-06-05
starting page: 17
ending page: 23
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2024.6.1.3

Current Status of Marco Polo Sheep (Ovis ammon polii) in the Pamir Mountains of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan
type: item
description: The present survey was conducted to determine the abundance and population density of Marco Polo sheep in the Pamir Mountains of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. Marco Polo sheep inhabitants in very high mountain regions experience extremely cold winds and arid climatic conditions throughout the year. The Marco Polo sheep is listed as a critically endangered species on the IUCN Red List. Field surveys and interviews were carried out from 2022 to 2023 by using semi-structured questionnaires. 98 respondents were interviewed, and line transect walks in the field were used to observe the Marco Polo Sheep in the study region. As a result, a total of 1304 Marco Polo Sheep individual were recorded in the Pamir regions. The highest number of Marco Polo Sheep observations is related to the Tollaboy region, with 452 individuals (34.6%), and the lowest number of observations is in the Angelic region, 93(7.1%). According to the study area's locality, the population density of the Marco Polo Sheep differs in each season of the year. In conclusion, the highest density was in the Tollaboy region with 125.5± 3.5 per km2, and the lowest density was in the Angelic region10.7±1.6 per km2 ware observed.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Badakhshan
  topic: keywords
subject: Pamir
  topic: keywords
subject: Marco Polo Sheep
  topic: keywords
subject: abundance
  topic: keywords
subject: population density.
  topic: keywords
creator: Junaidullah Sabooryar
creator: Amirullah Arifi
creator: Abdul Hallim Majidi
creator: Ghulam Rabani Neyazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2024-05-31
publication date: 2024-05-31
starting page: 10
ending page: 16
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2024.6.1.2

The Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Surface Roughness and Crystal Structure of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Electron Beam Evaporation Method on Glass Substrate
type: item
description: The investigation focused on studying the effect of annealing temperature on the surface morphology and crystalline structure of ZnO films. The Electron-beam evaporation method was used to prepare thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) on glass substrates. The annealing process was conducted at temperatures of 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C for the samples. The phase and crystal structure of the samples were determined using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) device. Additionally, the statistical parameters of surface roughness and morphological analysis of the layer's surface were calculated using an Atomic Force Microscope. The obtained results were analyzed using Gwyddion software and MATLAB coding. The x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the samples exhibit a similar pattern to the reference ZnO, and the crystallite size was found to be larger in the samples annealed at higher temperatures compared to those annealed at lower temperatures. The results obtained from both approaches were in excellent agreement, ensuring consistency in the characterization of surface roughness and indicating the presence of crystalline ZnO within the films. Moreover, higher annealing temperatures were observed to result in increased surface roughness, as confirmed by statistical methods and fractal analysis in the AFM analysis.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Surface roughness; Thin film; ZnO; Atomic force microscopy; crystallite, Annealing.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Arif Asim
creator: Bashir Ahmad Niazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2024-01-06
publication date: 2024-01-06
starting page: 01
ending page: 09
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2024.6.1.1

Correlation of Whole Blood Cell Morphology on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopic Characteristics on the Severity Level of Ischemic Stroke Patients
type: item
description: This paper discusses the influence of peripheral blood smear morphology methods on the electrical impedance spectroscopic characteristics of blood samples from ischemic stroke patients. In this study, there were 26 blood samples, consisting of a control group with 5 blood samples and a group of ischemic stroke patients with 21 samples with varying degrees of severity. The methods used are electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and whole blood cell morphology methods. The EIS method was carried out using the BISDAQ tool and application, and results were obtained in the form of Bode Plot, Bode Phase Plot, Nyquist Plot, and measurement data values in the form of Ms. Excel. Meanwhile, the Morphological method is carried out by making a peripheral blood smear, then viewing and obtaining an image using a digital microscope, and then counting the number of cells using the Image Raster application. Based on the results of the method carried out, the correlation can be seen to conclude that whole blood cell morphology greatly influences the characteristics of EIS and determines the severity of ischemic stroke patients.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: Whole Blood Cell Morphology
  topic: keywords
subject: Severity Levels in Ischemic Stroke Patients
  topic: keywords
creator: Ferhiyan Nabila
creator: Chomsin Sulistya Widodo
creator: Didik Rahadi Santoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2023-11-30
publication date: 2023-11-30
starting page: 40
ending page: 49
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.5

Physico-chemical characterization of Lake Togbadji
type: item
description: This study focused on the physico-chemical characterization of Lake Togbadji, located in southwestern Benin. The methodological approach followed was as follows: literature review, sampling and in-situ measurements, analysis of collected samples, and data processing. Parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, TDS, and ORP were determined in-situ, while color, TSS, and other parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. The obtained results were subjected to descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon test for two samples to determine the impact of different locations on the abundance of microbiological contaminants, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using R software version 3.5.0 to group pollution parameters according to different levels and sources of contamination. From our results, it was found that the main sources of pollution in Lake Togbadji are runoff water, various wastewater discharges from artisanal activities, livestock farming, and open defecation. On a physico-chemical level, the recorded levels do not suggest pollution of the lake.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Dégradation physico-chimique, milieu aquatique, lac Togbadji
  topic: keywords
creator: Vitalique ELEGBEDE
creator: Dominique KPADONOU
creator: DOSSOU-GBETE Joël
creator: Acakpo Nonvignon Magloire GBAGUIDI
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2023-12-11
publication date: 2023-12-11
starting page: 50
ending page: 66
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.6

Isolation and Characterization of Phenol degrading Bacteria from Wastewater
type: item
description: Out of 30 bacterial isolates from wastewater were checked for growth on a minimal salt medium amended with different concentrations of phenol by flask culture technique. The eight most tolerant bacterial strains to the higher concentrations of phenol, designated as W2, W5, W9, W12, W14, W15, W19 and W29, were investigated for their ability to grow and degrade phenol. Among the eight higher phenol degrading isolates, W15 can tolerate up to 1000 ppm of phenol concentrations and grow and degrade 94% of phenol within 72 hrs. The optimum temperature and pH condition were 37C◦ and 7, respectively. The yeast extract is the best organic nitrogen source, while ammonium chloride is the best inorganic nitrogen source for the growth and degradation of phenol.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Characterization; Isolation; Phenol-Bacteria; wastewater
  topic: keywords
creator: Abd El-Rady A. Mousa
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2023-09-10
publication date: 2023-09-10
starting page: 17
ending page: 24
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.3

Effect of Pre-treatments on Shelf Life and Quality of Dried Pineapples (Ananas comosus)
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the effect of different pre-treatment and freezing on the quality of dehydrated pineapple using a food dehydrator with a convective drying method. The variations of pre-treatment conducted include control variation (K), immersion in sucrose solution (G), sucrose-citric acid mixture (GS), citric acid (S), thermal blanching (B), and kapur sirih or betel lime solution (KS), with and without freezing process before drying. The S variation resulted in the best shelf life of dried pineapple, lasting 106 days under room conditions using 0.75% citric acid solution. The shelf life of dried pineapple with pre-treatments K, G, GS, B, and K, respectively, were 61, 49, 33, 72, and 20 days. Drying and all types of pre-treatments resulted in a darker colour compared to fresh pineapple. Drying and all types of pre-treatments also yielded higher firmness values compared to fresh pineapple. Freezing prior to drying resulted in a darker colour for dried pineapple compared to unfrozen dried pineapple. Freezing prior to drying also yielded a softer texture compared to unfrozen dried pineapples. According to a group of 32 untrained panellists in the age group of 20-24 years old, the G variation was the most preferred variation of dried pineapple.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: colour, drying, pineapple, shelf-life, texture
  topic: keywords
creator: Sanggono Adisasmito
creator: Lienda Aliwarga
creator: Reinhardt Anderson
creator: Raymondus Renaldi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2023-10-06
publication date: 2023-10-06
starting page: 25
ending page: 39
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.4

GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in the Methanolic Extract of Uncaria callophylla Blume ex Korth. Stems
type: item
description: Uncaria callophylla Blume ex Korth. is a wild plant species belonging to the Rubiaceae family. These plants thrive in the peat swamp forest of Kalimantan, Indonesia. The stems of Uncaria callophylla have been used by the Dayak Ngaju tribe to treat various diseases and to restore stamina while they work in the forest. The present study was conducted to identify the secondary metabolites in the methanolic extract of Uncaria callohylla stems to increase the knowledge about this plant and its potential in medicinal applications and drug discovery. The analysis was conducted using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. GC-MS analysis was performed with the Agilent Technologies 7890 Gas Chromatography equipped with an Auto Sampler and 5975 Mass Selective Detector. The LC-MS analysis was carried out in the C18 column of the Waters Acquity UPLC system. MS analysis was performed with an electrospray ionization source (ESI) in positive and negative ion modes, and the compounds were identified using a UNIFI data processor with a mass spectrum library of natural active substances from the Waters Traditional Medical Scientific Library database based on UPLC/QTof MSE Data Acquisition. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 peaks, and nine of them showed quality 90% or higher, namely n-Hexadecanoic acid (16.63%), 1,3,7-Trimethyl-3,7-Dihydro-1H-Purine-2,6-Dione (13.07%), Hexadecanoic Acid, Methyl Ester; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, Diethyl Ester; 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid, Methyl Ester; Methyl 14-Methylheptadecanoate; (9E,12E)-9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid; Z, E-3,13-Octadecadien-1-o1; and 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexanethyl-, (all-E)-. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of five compounds, namely Arecatannin A1, Sweroside_2, Uncarine A, Epianhydrobelachinal, and Betulonic acid. All the secondary metabolites identified from GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis have biological activity, which indicates their medicinal potencies. From the result, it can be concluded that Uncaria ca…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Uncaria callophylla, Rubiaceae, natural product, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, biochemical compound.
  topic: keywords
creator: Astri Rozanah Siregar
creator: Syafira Soraya
creator: Ernawati Sinaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-08-15
publication date: 2023-08-15
starting page: 01
ending page: 10
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.1

The Investigating of the Effect of Magnetic Field on a Flint Glass for Optical Isolators Applications
type: item
description: In this study, the effect of a magnetic field on a Flint Glass for optical isolator applications has been reported. A flint glass and a laser light source with a wavelength of 650nm were used as a medium and a light source, respectively. The magnetic field was produced by applying a current through a coil. The linearly polarized light was passed through the medium in the presence of a magnetic field, and the angle of rotation was measured. The angle of rotation was plotted versus magnetic field strength and fitted linearly. The experimental results showed that the flint glass becomes optically active in the presence of a magnetic field because it rotates the plane of linearly polarized light, and this rotation increases with respect to the magnetic field linearly. The Verdet constant was calculated for 650nm, which is a large coefficient for the rotation of the plane of polarized light.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Faraday rotator, flint glass, optical isolator, polarized light
  topic: keywords
creator: Khudaidad Wasiq
creator: Mohammad Tayeeb Qurdash
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2023-08-20
publication date: 2023-08-20
starting page: 11
ending page: 16
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.2.2

The Study of ZnO-NRs and Ge-chips Bandgaps for the Elimination of Elemental Semiconductors and Compound Semiconductors Applications
type: item
description: In this paper, the bandgap of Germanium (Ge) and Zinc-Oxid (ZnO) materials were studied using two different techniques called the four-probe method and UV-Visible spectroscopy. A chip of Ge and a ZnO synthesized Nanorods on the FTO substrate were utilized as the samples. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were applied to understand the morphology and the crystal structure of the ZnO particles on the substrate. To get bandgap for Ge, the variation of voltage concerning temperature in current was recorded, and for ZnO- Nanorods (NRs), the absorption spectra in the range of (200-800) nm were taken. Based on obtained data and calculations, the band gap of Ge and ZnO-NRs were determined to be around and respectively. It revealed that the bandgap of compound semiconductors (ZnO- NRs) could be sufficiently large as compared to the elemental semiconductors (Ge), and through that, the modification of various devices is possible in the industry.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Key words: Band gap, Four probe, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Ge and ZnO
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Mohsen Hewadmal
creator: Mujibullah Mahboob
creator: Sayed Abdul Saboor Mosamem
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2023-05-29
publication date: 2023-05-29
starting page: 18
ending page: 23
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.3

Determination of the Optimum Operating Conditions for Integrated Methanol and Ethanol Plant from Natural Gas Reactors
type: item
description: Methanol and ethanol can be produced from many kinds of feedstock. One of the most preferred methods to synthesize methanol is from natural gas, which is reformed to form synthesis gas (syngas) and converted by a catalyst to form methanol. Conversely, ethanol production mostly comes from biomass, which competes with human food fulfilment. Several pieces of literature conduct syngas transformation to ethanol to solve this problem. However, the experiment is conducted on a lab scale or pilot scale. Before the technology can be mass-produced on a plant scale, we must determine the most suitable operating condition for the reactor to escalate the reactor's productivity. This study is aimed to determine the optimal operating condition for the integrated methanol and ethanol plant, which is the reactors. The software used for the study is Aspen Plus V12.1. The independent variables for all the reactors in this study are the pressure (P) and the temperature (T). We add the feed molar flow ratio as the independent variable for the Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and the ethanol synthesis reactor. The dependent variable that will be used for the determination of the optimal operating condition of the reactors is the reactant conversion and the product yield. The data validation between the experimental data conducted by other authors and the process modeling result is in good agreement with less than 6% of error for all three reactors. After performing the process simulation and sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal operating condition for the reactors, it is found that the optimal operating condition for the reactors is as follows: (1) SMR reactor: 25 bar pressure, 1,223 K temperature, feed molar flow ratio (H2O/CH4 ratio) of 3, (2) methanol synthesis reactor: 100 bar pressure and 503 K temperature, and (3) ethanol synthesis reactor:110 bar pressure, 583 K temperature, and feed molar flow ratio (H2/CO ratio) of 0.75.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: catalytic conversion
  topic: keywords
subject: experimental data validation
  topic: keywords
subject: natural gas reforming
  topic: keywords
subject: process modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: sensitivity analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Dimas Laksana Yudharaputra
creator: Sanggono Adisasmito
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2023-04-03
publication date: 2023-04-03
starting page: 09
ending page: 17
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.2

Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Nutritional Profile of Ziziphus mauritiana Fruit Juice
type: item
description: Ziziphus mauritiana is a plant species belonging to the Rhamnaceae family. It is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, and in Indonesia, this plant grows wild and thrives on the islands of Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. The fruits of Z. mauritiana are edible, however, in Indonesia, it is underutilized and has very low economic value. To evaluate its possibility to be developed as a functional food, this study was conducted to determine the total phenolics and flavonoids, dietary fiber, and nutrients contained in the fruit juice of Ziziphus mauritiana. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined using Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the juice was evaluated using the DPPH method. The content of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber was determined using the standard AOAC analysis method, and proximates analysis was conducted in accordance with SNI 01-2891-1992. The results of this study revealed that freeze-dried juice of Z. mauritiana fruit has total phenols content of 1690 mg GAE/100g, total flavonoids of 15.10 mg QE/100g, soluble dietary fiber of 0.61%, and insoluble dietary fiber 2.03%. However, the antioxidant activity of Ziziphus mauritiana fruit juice was weak with IC50 328.54 ppm. The proximate analysis revealed the crude fiber in the freeze-dried fruit juice was 0.56%, carbohydrates 82.43%, protein 3.34%, fats 0.31%, ash 3.62%, and water 10.30%. In conclusion, Ziziphus mauritiana fruit juice has a high content of total phenolic substances, high dietary fiber, and high nutritional value, therefore it has a good potential to be developed as a functional food.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Ziziphus mauritiana fruits, nutritional profile, total phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activities.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hanifa Nur Adilah
creator: Muhammad Irsan Saleh
creator: Novia Deliasari Aliyya Az-Zahra
creator: Eunjin Cho
creator: Ernawati Sinaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2023-03-02
publication date: 2023-03-02
starting page: 01
ending page: 08
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2023.5.1.1

Calculation of the Chemical Shift of N-15 by Quantum Mechanics
type: item
description: This study aims to develop a new set of added variables to calculate the chemical shift N-15 based on quantum mechanics methods for a number of periodic compounds using theoretical chemistry (Gaussian V.12, 2010). The relationship between the experimental N-15 was conducted with two mechanical variables, such as SPSS V 2019. The relationship between the theoretical chemical shift values ​​of the N-15 atom nucleus and practical values ​​in literature was examined. Two quantitative mechanical methods are used to extract information to calculate the N-15 chemical shift, the traditional method, the other AB Initio method, and the DFT job theory. The success of the method is determined in terms of the values ​​of the correlation coefficient (R) and the standard error (SE), as well as the material meaning of the specified variables. A good consensus is seen between practical and theoretical values. A comparison was made between the two methods to find out the best in the chemical transformation account. The DFT method gave better results.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Correlation analysis, Traditional method, DFT method, N-15 chemical shift
  topic: keywords
creator: Emad A. S. Al-Hyali
creator: Yosef Othman Al-Jobure
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-11-22
publication date: 2022-11-22
starting page: 43
ending page: 53
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.5

Supplementation of Bouea macrophylla Fruit Juice Prevent Oxidative Stress in Rats Fed with High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet through Attenuation of Lipid Peroxidation
type: item
description: Fruits are rich in fiber and antioxidant compounds that can prevent and treat health disorders related to oxidative stress caused by high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD). Bouea macrophylla is a tropical fruit plant with edible juicy fruits. In this study, we conducted experiments to prove the effectiveness of B. macrophylla fruit juice (BMFJ) as an antioxidant agent in rats fed with HFHCD. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with HFHCD for 100 days and simultaneously orally supplemented with BMFJ. Atorvastatin was used as a positive control. At the end of the experiment, the blood and hepar were collected and assayed for malondialdehyde (MDA). The in vitro antioxidant activity of BMFJ was also evaluated using the DPPH method. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined using Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods, respectively. Results of the experiments showed that total phenols and flavonoids in BMFJ were 570 mg GAE/g and 31.89 mg QE/g, respectively, and the IC50 of radical scavenging activity was 564.271 ppm. The in vivo antioxidant evaluation showed that supplementation of BMFJ significantly prevents the increase of MDA levels, both in serum and liver of rats fed with HFHCD. These findings clearly indicate that supplementation of B. macrophylla fruit juice significantly prevents oxidative stress in rats fed with high-fat high-cholesterol diets through attenuation of lipid peroxidation.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant; Bouea macrophylla; high-fat high-cholesterol diet; malondialdehyde; oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Alvira Noer Effendi
creator: Mardian Iswahyudi
creator: Eunjin Cho
creator: Shirly Kumala
creator: Ernawati Sinaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-09-06
publication date: 2022-09-06
starting page: 20
ending page: 29
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.3

Identification of Chemical Compounds in Ziziphus mauritiana Fruit Juice by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analysis
type: item
description: Ziziphus mauritiana is an edible fruiting plant commonly found in Asia. In Indonesia, this plant grows wild and thrives on the islands of Bali, Lombok, and Sumbawa. Although it is edible and has good potential as food and medicinal ingredient, in Indonesia, the fruits of Z. mauritiana are underutilized and have almost no economic value. Information about the bioactivity and chemical content of the fruit is limited. To evaluate its possibility of being developed as functional food, a GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out to identify the phytochemical content of the fruit juice. From the GC-MS chromatogram, four compounds were identified with a quality match of 85% and above. The compounds were 5-( hydroxymethyl)-2–furancarboxaldehyde (43.45%), 5, 5'-(oxybis(methylene)) bis-2- furancarbox-aldehyde (25.99%), 2,3–dihydro-3,5–dihydroxy–6–methyl-4H–pyran–4-one (6.05%), and hexadecanoic acid (2.16%). The result of the LC-MS/MS analysis showed 42 peaks of different chemical compounds and included several groups of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, and organic acids. From these results, it can be concluded that Ziziphus mauritiana fruit juice contains various chemical compounds that are likely to have medicinal activity and therefore has good potential to be used and developed as a functional food.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Fruit juice, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, Ziziphus mauritiana
  topic: keywords
creator: Syafira Soraya
creator: Endang Sukara
creator: Ernawati Sinaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-09-05
publication date: 2022-09-05
starting page: 11
ending page: 19
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.2

GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Bouea macrophylla Fruit Juice
type: item
description: Bouea macrophylla Griff is a member of the Anacardiaceae family, which has edible fruits. Due to the high nutritional value, appealing taste, and attractive color, the fruit juice of B. macrophylla has the potential to be developed as a functional beverage. The present study was conducted to determine the phytochemical profile of B. macrophylla fruit juice using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. GC-MS analysis was performed with the Agilent Technologies 7890 Gas Chromatograph with automated sampling and tandem Agilent 5975 Mass Selective Detector and peak analysis with the Chemistation data system. LC-MS/MS QTOF analysis was performed with UPLC Waters I Class and tandem MS/MS Xevo G2S QTOF with UNIFI software. GC-MS analysis identified five compounds with a quality match of 90% and above, namely 3-pentadecylphenol (31.68%), 5,5’-(oxybis(methylene)]-bis-2-furancarboxy-aldehyde (5.67%), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxy-aldehyde (23.51%), 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydro-6-methyl (5.00%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (4.71%). Five major compounds were identified for the first time in B. macrophylla fruit juice by LC-MS/MS analysis, i.e., (E)-hexadecyl-ferulate, digupigan A, eburicoic acid, hydroginkgolinic acid, and terminalic acid. The health benefit of some of these detected phytochemicals supports the use of juice as the main ingredient for functional food.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Bouea macrophylla, fruit juice, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
creator: Rina Trifani
creator: Oren Rabinowitz
creator: Syamsudin Abdillah
creator: Ernawati Sinaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-09-02
publication date: 2022-09-02
starting page: 01
ending page: 10
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.1

Nanoparticle-induced Ferroptosis for Cancer Therapy
type: item
description: Ferroptosis is a recently identified form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD). It is primarily characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxide, which is iron-dependent. Ferroptosis is essential for the treatment of tumors, renal failure, and ischemia reperfusion exposure (IRI). Ferroptosis and nanomedicine are now the subjects of intense study and clinical attention. There is, however, a limited amount of data on the precise molecular pathways behind ferroptosis and the contribution of nanoparticles. This work provides a thorough overview of ferroptosis, its regulations, and the various mechanisms by which iron- and non-iron-based nanoparticles potentially trigger ferroptosis in the context of cancer therapy. We investigated the most recent developments in ferroptosis research and nanoparticles as ferrotosis-inducing agents by performing extensive literature studies based on the notion of ferroptosis and cancer therapy and a thorough examination of various publications regarding nanoparticles. Our results suggest that tumor suppression and treatment efficacy can both be enhanced by ferroptosis triggered via nanoparticles. New ideas and viewpoints have also been put out for the treatment of ferroptosis-induced cancer, which will make a significant contribution to cancer therapy.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: cancer therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: ferroptosis
  topic: keywords
subject: cell death
  topic: keywords
creator: Fiona Hammond Quarcoo
creator: Gideon Appiah Kusi
creator: Juliette C.N. Fouemina
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2022-09-28
publication date: 2022-09-28
starting page: 30
ending page: 42
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.2.4

The Use of Lasers (Ablative Laser, Non-ablative Laser, Fractional Laser, Photobiomodulation (PBM)) in Skin Regeneration
type: item
description: Lasers have been used in a variety of industries, but we will concentrate on their use in medicine, specifically dermatology. I concentrated on three types of lasers in this article (ablation, non-ablative lasers, and fractional lasers). The non-ablative laser causes skin contraction as a result of wound stimulation of collagen during the healing phase in the dermis, upper dermis, and thermal ablation. Laser ablation is more dangerous because it heats up the dermis. A fractional laser affects the inner dermis layer, which contains collagen, rather than the epidermis, which stimulates this vital component. An ablative fractional laser, on the other hand, peels off the skin's outer layer. According to research, these three lasers produce unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, PBM technology was used without thermal interactions and effects on the skin, increasing patient satisfaction with rejuvenation. This is what we concluded through the search engines Scopus, Google Scholar, and the EndNote application.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Laser, photothermal analysis, ablative laser, non-ablative laser, fractional laser, photobiomodulation(PBM)
  topic: keywords
creator: Entidhar Jasim Khamees
creator: Nawras Najah Jawad
creator: HALAH MOHAMMED AZEEZ
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-04-21
publication date: 2022-04-21
starting page: 07
ending page: 13
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.1.2

Analysis of Heavy Metal (Hg, Pb, Ni) Content in Marsh Clam, Polymesoda expansa Collected from Butuan Bay, Philippines
type: item
description: Butuan Bay is an amalgamation of resources and wastes, with the Agusan River as its main river source. Multiple industrial operations near the area make it susceptible to pollution, thereby affecting the aquatic organisms and the people who depend on the bay for food and livelihood. Thus, the main objective of the study was to determine the Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), and Nickel (Ni) concentration in the flesh of Marsh clam (Polymesoda expansa) in different mangroves wetlands across Butuan Bay. Heavy metal concentration was assessed using cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy for Hg and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for Pb and Ni. The results revealed that Hg and Pb concentrations were below the detection limits (BDL), while Ni concentrations were within the tolerable limits established for bivalves. Human health risk via the consumption of P. expansa was calculated using the estimated daily intake (EDI) and Target Quotient Hazard (THQ). Results show that the EDI of Ni exceeded the oral reference dose, but its THQ was below the standard THQ value. In conclusion, the consumption of P. expansa does not pose any adverse health effects on human health. Still, further investigation and monitoring of the mangrove ecosystems are encouraged to secure the environment's health and the communities that depend on it.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: biology
  topic: keywords
subject: heavy metal contamination
  topic: keywords
subject: heavy metal analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: human health risk
  topic: keywords
subject: estimated daily intake
  topic: keywords
subject: target hazard quotient
  topic: keywords
subject: Polymesoda expansa
  topic: keywords
subject: Butuan Bay Philippines
  topic: keywords
creator: Gwyneth Grace Bernales
creator: Carl Mathew Calo
creator: Carylle Mae Dumago
creator: Ann Tibe
creator: Michelle Barbon
creator: Daisyre Mae Altar
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2022-04-24
publication date: 2022-04-24
starting page: 14
ending page: 23
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.1.3

Biofilm forming Enterococci and their Status as Emerging Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
type: item
description: Urine specimens were collected aseptically and inoculated directly onto CLED and MacConkey agar medium and incubated overnight. Single target colonies were sub cultured, and identification was based on culture, morphology, and biochemical characteristics. Enterococci isolates were subjected to biofilm assay (Tube method), and resistance pattern was determined for both biofilm-formers and non-biofilm-formers. Genomic DNA was extracted using the Bioneer kit, and the gene for virulence was detected by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. 148 Patients having one or more urinary symptoms were the study population. The aim of the study was to determine the multidrug resistant ability of biofilm-forming Enterococci. A number of growths were encountered; Enterococci accounted for only 9.46% (14), the highest prevalence was seen in the age group 21-30 (35.71%), and females (64.29%) were more prone to enterococcal infection than their males (35.71) counterpart. There is a relationship between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance because multidrug resistant Enterococci isolate produced bands against esp gene with an average of 510kbp. Biofilm forming strains showed the highest resistance to gentamicin and penicillin (83.3%), and vancomycin can be considered a good alternative therapy in enterococcal UTIs because of its lower resistance (75%).
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Enterococci, urine, esp gene, biofilm, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
  topic: keywords
creator: Zainab Haruna
creator: Aishatu Habib Idris
creator: Maryam Idris Muhammad
creator: Nana Maryam Abdulwahab
creator: Saadatu Abdullahi
creator: Nafiu Muhammad Wada
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Biological, Physical and Chemical Studies
date: 2022-03-19
publication date: 2022-03-19
starting page: 01
ending page: 06
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2022.4.1.1

Conversion of Palm Oil (CPO) into Fuel Biogasoline through Thermal Cracking Using a Catalyst Based Na-Bentonite and Limestone of Soil Limestone NTT
type: item
description: Cracking catalytic palm oil (CPO) into hydrocarbon fuel by saponification pretreatment has been carried out with bentonite and limestone-based catalysts. The catalysts used were Na-bentonite and Limestone NTT which were first analyzed using XRF, XRD, and SEM. Saponification pretreatment was carried out on CPO to facilitate the cracking process using a catalyst. The saponification product in the form of a mixture of soap and glycerol was then analyzed by DSC to determine the degradation temperature. Catalytic cracking is carried out in two stages, namely, the first stage hydrocracking at a temperature of 250-350°C using a stainless steel reactor is the source of catalyst Fe / Cr. The resulting distillate was then cracked again using a Na-bentonite catalyst and a TKNTT catalyst. The resulting fuel is a hydrocarbon fuel which is confirmed from the FT-IR results which indicate the presence of long-chain hydrocarbon compounds. This data is also supported by the results of the GC-MS analysis which shows that the fuel fraction produced is mostly biogasoline. Where cracking using a Na-bentonite catalyst produces a biogasoline fraction of 61.36% and a biodiesel fraction of 38.63%, THAT produces a biogasoline fraction of 88.88% and a biodiesel fraction of 11.11%. The characteristics of the hydrocarbon fuels that have been analyzed show that the calorific value of combustion is 6101 cal/g which is determined using a bomb calorimeter, and the cetane index is 62 which is analyzed using CCI. Both types of hydrocarbon fuels have met the physical requirements that must be possessed by biogasoline fuel based on SNI standards.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Bentonite, Biodiesel, CPO, Catalytic cracking, saponification
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniel Silalahi
creator: Minto Supeno
creator: Muhammad Taufik
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2021-11-11
publication date: 2021-11-11
starting page: 01
ending page: 15
doi: 10.32996/ijbpcs.2021.3.2.1