The Effectiveness of the Perkins and Blythe Model in Improving Sports Motivation and Psychological Hardiness among Physical and Health Education Students at Al-Balqa Applied University

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Perkins and Blythe Model in improving sports motivation and psychological hardiness among students majoring in Physical and Health Education at Al-Balqa Applied University. To achieve the study objective, the researchers employed a quasi-experimental design. The study participants consisted of 37 male students, who were divided into an experimental group of 18 students taught using the Perkins and Blythe Model and a control group of 19 students taught using the conventional method. The study instruments consisted of a Sports Motivation Scale comprising 29 items and a Psychological Hardiness Scale comprising 27 items. The results revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups across all dimensions of sports motivation and psychological hardiness, with the differences favoring the experimental group. The study recommended integrating the Perkins and Blythe Model into the teaching of Physical and Health Education courses, as it provides learning situations based on understanding, performance, assessment, and feedback, thereby contributing to enhancing students’ sports motivation and psychological hardiness.