Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies (ISSN: 2663-7197) is a double-blind peer-reviewed, monthly, open-access monthly journal published by Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development. It publishes high-quality articles across the breadth of humanities and social sciences research. With its uniquely broad coverage, all articles are free to access across the globe, allowing authors to share their research and maximise its impact. The journal is led by expert international editorial board members who take an objective approach to peer review, ensuring each research paper is reviewed and evaluated on its own scholarly merits and research integrity. Publishing your work in the Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies means you will receive prompt and reliable publishing and a global platform for your research to reach its full potential.
Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development
Visionary Parenting™: A Faith-Integrated, Gift-Centred Parenting Style for African Christian Parents in Western Diaspora Contexts
This paper formally introduces Visionary Parenting™ as a new, academically structured parenting style defined as: a faith-integrated, gift-centred approach in which parents function as strategic stewards of a child's God-given design, systematically discovering, developing, and deploying the child's unique gifts, temperament, and calling through four developmental phases and four relational postures, within an emotional climate of unconditional acceptance, structured guidance, and purposeful expectation. The term 'visionary' carries a threefold meaning: Parenting that operates through sight (seeing the child's Design), insight (understanding the child's unique gifts and temperament), and wisdom from God (discerning the child's calling through theological grounding). Anchored in the Hebrew exegesis of Proverbs 22:6, specifically the phrase al pi darko ('according to his way'), the framework integrates three interlocking systems: the 4Cs (Coach, Counsellor, Consultant, Champion), the 4Ds (Discover, Develop, Design, Deploy), and the 12 Laws of Parenting a Gifted Child. Drawing on a comprehensive review of over 50 named parenting styles, developmental psychology, attachment theory, strengths-based parenting research, and African diaspora scholarship, this paper identifies a critical gap in the existing literature: no current parenting style simultaneously integrates gift-centred Development, theological grounding, phased developmental sequencing from birth to adulthood, and culturally specific support for African Christian parents navigating Western diaspora contexts. Visionary Parenting is proposed as an integrative framework representing the logical next Development in parenting science: from generic developmental goals to purpose-driven, gift-centred stewardship rooted in divine Design.
Visionary Parenting, parenting styles, faith-integrated Parenting, gift-centred Development, African diaspora parenting, al pi darko, Proverbs 22:6, strengths-based Parenting, Christian Parenting, parenting framework
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Evaluation of the Use of Emerging Technology in Teaching English at the University Level in India
The current digital era has brought about a rapid advancement in technology, particularly in the areas of big data processing and artificial intelligence. This has had a profound effect on pedagogy and educational processes, including strategies for teaching and learning foreign languages (FL). In this study, a quantitative analysis delves into the realm of emerging technologies employed in teaching English at the university level in India, engaging a robust sample size of 600 participants. Employing a multifaceted approach, the study utilizes inferential statistical techniques, including t-tests and regression analysis, to discern correlations and trends within the data. Complementing this, descriptive statistics are employed to meticulously evaluate questionnaire responses, offering a holistic overview of the research landscape. With two independent variables and four dependent variables under scrutiny, the study undertakes a nuanced exploration of the interplay between technological interventions and English language education outcomes. The collected data undergoes rigorous statistical scrutiny through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), enabling a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies involved. This research not only contributes to the burgeoning field of educational technology but also holds significant implications for pedagogical practices in the Indian university context, shedding light on the potential impact of innovative approaches to English language instruction.
Quantitative analysis, T-tests, Regression analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
The Role of Judicial Oversight of Political Parties in Jordan in Light of the 2022 Constitutional Amendments
The aim of the study is to clarify the role of the judiciary in monitoring political parties in Jordan, in accordance with the Constitution of Jordan of 1952 and its amendments, and the Political Parties Act No. 7 of 2022. The problem of the study is the adequacy of judicial oversight of political parties in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The study adopted the analytical, investigative and descriptive curriculum and found insufficient judicial oversight of Jordan's political parties. It is recommended that all appeals relating to political parties be examined in administrative jurisdiction.
Judicial oversight, political parties, constitutional amendments
Research on the Rise of the "Handcrafted Economy" in the Digital Era
The inclusive development of digital technologies has spawned the "handcrafted economy", an emerging lightweight innovation format. With individuals or small teams as the main innovation subjects, it realizes the rapid implementation of creative ideas relying on artificial intelligence, flexible supply chains and digital platforms, and has become an important carrier for individual innovation and the release of micro-economic vitality in the digital era. Based on the practical characteristics of the handcrafted economy and existing research results, this paper systematically defines the core connotation and essential characteristics of the handcrafted economy, analyzes its driving mechanism from the four dimensions of supply, demand, institution and ecology, explains its epoch-making effects in activating individual innovation, optimizing market supply, reshaping innovation paradigms and highlighting humanistic values, and then reveals its practical dilemmas in product safety, intellectual property rights, individual capabilities, regulatory adaptation and commercial sustainability. Finally, it puts forward the optimization path for the high-quality development of the handcrafted economy from the perspective of the coordination of the government, platforms, individuals and the industry. The research shows that the handcrafted economy is an inevitable result of the fission of micro-innovation units empowered by digital technologies. Only through flexible regulation, ecological empowerment and capacity cultivation can it move from a short-term boom to long-term development and inject micro-power into the cultivation of new quality productive forces and high-quality economic development.
Digital era; Handcrafted economy; Individual innovation; New business format; High-quality development
Individual and Educational Factors Influencing Young People’s National Identity
This article analyzes individual and educational factors related to the expression of national identity among young people. The theoretical framework discusses how national identity in contemporary society is shaped within the context of globalization, migration, consumerism, the media, and new forms of community, and is therefore becoming increasingly multifaceted and fluid. In this article, national identity is understood as a phenomenon encompassing objective, subjective, and emotional dimensions, and its formation is influenced by both an individual’s internal self-perception and their social and cultural environment. The empirical section presents a quantitative study involving 395 ninth-grade students from Lithuanian gymnasiums. The study aimed to determine how the expression of national identity is related to gender, academic achievement, and attitudes toward school. It was found that academic achievement and a positive attitude toward school are significantly associated with a stronger expression of national identity, particularly among girls. Girls are more likely to exhibit correlations between higher academic achievement, more active participation in national activities, better knowledge of national culture, a stronger connection to their homeland, and national loyalty. In the case of boys, fewer statistically significant associations were found, but the cultural and educational aspects of school are also important to them. The study’s results suggest that school functions not only as a space for education but also as a space for cultural socialization, where young people’s national identity can be maintained and strengthened.
National identity, individual and educational factors, young people.
Post-Traumatic Growth among Iraqi Refugee Adolescent Girls in Jordan: A Quasi-Experimental Study to evaluate the Effectiveness of a Group Counseling Program Based on Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a group counseling program based on Rational Emotive Therapy in achieving post-traumatic growth among Iraqi refugee adolescent girls in Jordan. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, and the sample consisted of (30) Iraqi refugee girls attending the Our Lady of Mercy Center in Zarqa Governorate, Jordan. They were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=15) that received a 16-session counseling program based on Rational Emotive Therapy, and a control group (n=15) that did not receive any counseling program. The results showed statistically significant differences between the scores of the experimental and control groups on the post-traumatic growth scale, favoring the experimental group. Furthermore, the results showed no statistically significant differences between the post-test and follow-up measurements of the experimental group on the post-traumatic growth scale, indicating the continued effectiveness of the counseling program as measured by the follow-up assessment. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, most importantly training counselors in counseling program based on Rational Emotive Therapy-based counseling programs in schools serving refugees, given its role in fostering post-traumatic Growth among them.
Counseli Counseling Program, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Post-Traumatic Growth, Iraqi Adolescent Girls, Jordan
The Effectiveness of a Guidance Program Based on Play Therapy in Improving Social Skills among Kindergarten Children in Jordan
This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a play-therapy-based guidance program in improving the social skills of kindergarten children in Jordan. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, and the sample consisted of (14) children from the Al-Rusaifa Basic Mixed School kindergarten. The children were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (n=7) that received a (11) session play-therapy-based guidance program, and a control group (n=7) that did not receive any guidance program. The results showed statistically significant differences between the mean ranks of the scores of the experimental and control groups on the social skills scale, favoring the experimental group. The results also showed no statistically significant differences between the post-test and follow-up scores of the experimental group on the social skills scale, indicating the continued effectiveness of the guidance program as measured by the follow-up assessment. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is training kindergarten teachers in play-therapy-based guidance programs due to their role in improving the social skills of kindergarten children.
Counseling program, play therapy, Social Skills, kindergarten children.
Distance Learning in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond: A Multi-Dimensional Review of Teaching, Learning, Assessment, Infrastructure and Crisis Management
This study presents a systematic review (SR) of the author’s research on distance learning (DL) during the COVID 19 pandemic, published between 2020 and 2024. As an author bounded corpus, it offers an exceptionally comprehensive, multi dimensional examination of DL during the COVID 19 pandemic, spanning every major dimension of the teaching learning process, thus offering one of the most extensive individual research programs on this topic in Saudi Arabia and beyond. The corpus consists of 30 studies that document the educational crisis, responses, adaptations, and outcomes across Saudi schools and universities during the pandemic period. The studies were organized into nine thematic clusters: digital infrastructure, technology use, and platforms; teaching practices and instructional strategies; student engagement and preferences; children, family role, and home based learning; psychological, social, and cultural dimensions; exams, assessment, and academic performance; curriculum adaptation; teachers’ professional development; and the pandemic job market for graduates. Results revealed an interconnected system of challenges and innovations. Digital inequity was a major issue during the early months of the pandemic, though it was mitigated through community based solutions. Instructors rapidly diversified their pedagogical practices by integrating podcasts, YouTube videos, blogging, mobile audiobooks, online vocabulary tasks, virtual speaking activities, and redesigned practicum practices. Students’ engagement patterns reflected both creativity and strain: while many benefited from interactive and technology mediated tasks, others experienced low self efficacy, anxiety, and a strong preoccupation with exams and grades. Studies on children highlighted the central role of parents in monitoring and supporting home based learning, as well as the benefits and risks of iPad use among young learners. Psychologically, the corpus revealed widespread dissatisfaction, low motivation, and emotional fatigue among students, alongside the potential of positive psychology and intercultural exchanges to enhance resilience. Assessment practices underwent some changes, resulting in flexible exam formats and grade inflation, while curricular structures remained largely unchanged due to institutional constraints. Only one study examined DL after the pandemic, indicating the need for further research on long term shifts in digital learning. Overall, the review demonstrates that DL during COVID 19 was not a uniform experience but a complex ecosystem shaped by infrastructure, pedagogy, learner agency, family dynamics, institutional policy, and socio emotional factors.
Systematic review (SR), Al-Jarf research program, distance learning (DL), remote education, crisis management, COVID-19, Corona virus, Pandemic, distance learning infrastructure, student engagement
To What Extent Does the Developed Curriculum (Jordan High Note) for the Eleventh Academic Grade Take into Account 21st Century Skills
Curriculum plays a vital role in the learning teaching process. It is an effective tool for promoting 21st century skills among the students by equipping them with these skills which enable them to perform effectively and appropriately within a global committee of English speakers. This study aims to provide an in- depth description of the inclusion of 21st century skills in the English developed curriculum “Jordan High Note” in its trial version for the first semester in Jordan for the Eleventh Academic grade, which consists of five units. The qualitative descriptive analytical approach was adapted, and a content analysis tool has been designed. It consisted of (46) items that symbolized the 21st century skills and represented the main domains: Learning & Innovation skills, Information, Media and Technology skills, and Life & career skills. The finding showed that the exercises which presented 21st century skills were to a great extent to Learning & Innovation skills (the 5Cs) then moderate to Life & Career and the least to Information, Media & Technology skills via English skills. It is suggested that future revisions should encourage students to use ICT effectively inside & outside the school by including more exercises related to these skills. Moreover, including more technology-based activities by including exercises guiding students towards filming, designing PowerPoint presentations and integrating Artificial Intelligence tools such as Canva, NotebookLM,..etc. in order to align with the 21st century skills.
21st century skills, developed curriculum, English Language, eleventh academic grade
Challenging Reticence: The Role of Oral Presentations in Motivating the Common Core Students
This action research investigates the importance of oral presentations in improving Moroccan students’ English level. It starts from the hypothesis that students are not much encouraged to deliver presentations in the class for various reasons. Hence, it delivers questionnaires for two common core classes: one is measured in literature while the other in science. The aim behind these questionnaires is to understand students’ perspective vis-à-vis their reluctance from delivering oral presentations in the class. Also, the aim is to find valid solutions that can be used in the process of increasing oral presentations in Moroccan English classes. Additionally, the research relies on interviewing 6 Moroccan high-school English teachers to comprehend the reasons behind not having oral presentations in their classes. The aim behind these interviews is to see what really hinders Moroccan English teachers from encouraging students to present in front of their colleagues which is considered to have an immense impact on the process of learning. The action research concludes that students need to be taught how to deliver presentations which is vital in making them more confident while presenting. In the end, it succeeds in increasing the rate of oral presentations in the two classes compared with before.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khalid ABARTAL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction and Its Impact on Employee Performance
The performance of integrated service employees is influenced by various internal organizational factors, including organizational culture and job satisfaction. This study aims to examine the effect of organizational culture on job satisfaction and employee performance, as well as the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between organizational culture and performance. A quantitative survey approach was employed in this study. The population consisted of 195 employees of integrated service units across subdistricts in Tangerang Regency, with 131 respondents selected using proportional random sampling. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on both job satisfaction and employee performance. In addition, job satisfaction significantly influences employee performance and partially mediates the relationship between organizational culture and performance. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening organizational culture to enhance employee satisfaction and improve service performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Aliazmi, Ahmad Suhabudin, Idi Dimyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Joe Starks as a Narcissist in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes were Watching God (1937)
Narcissism is a common term nowadays. According to psychologists, narcissism is a disorder that makes a person more self-centered (Lavner et al., 2016, p. 2). This research examines narcissism in Zora Neale Hurston’s novel “Their Eyes Were Watching God.” The researcher analyzes the character of Joe Starks in the light of narcissism. The research aims to prove that Joe Starks is a narcissist. The study is divided into Introduction, literature review, methodology, Joe Starks as a narcissist, and a conclusion.
Narcissism, narcissist, personality, self-centered, disorder
Fragmentation and Discontinuity in Hyper-Text Literature: A Study of Michael Joyce’s Afternoon, a Story
The present study is concerned with Michael Joyce’s Afternoon, a Story (1987), as one of the fundamental works of hypertext fiction which plays a crucial role in the evolution of digital literature. It investigates how fragmentation and discontinuity function within a literary text; they are not merely seen as stylistic devices but structural principles. The study argues that Afternoon transforms fragmentation into an epistemological condition through an analysis rooted in poststructuralist theory and media studies. The paper also analyzes the way Joyce’s Afternoon, a Story decentralizes narrative authority, subverts chronological order, and redefines the role of the reader through embedding discontinuity into its digital form. Therefore, fragmentation and discontinuity are essential elements that are meant to reflect significant transition and systematic shifts in narrative forms in the digital age.
“Afternoon, a Story”, discontinuity, fragmentation, hypertext fiction, post- structuralism.
Rethinking the Human: A Feminist Comparative Reading of Narjiss Nejjar’s Dry Eyes and Leila Abouzeid’s Year of the Elephant through Irigaray’s Paradigm of Ethical Sexual Difference
This paper examines the ways in which the notion of the "human" is reimagined in Leila Abouzeid's novella Year of the Elephant (1989) and Narjiss Nejjar's film Dry Eyes (2003). This examination is framed within the feminist critical paradigm of ethical sexual difference developed by Luce Irigaray. In this utopian paradigm, the traditional rhetoric of sexual antagonism between the sexes dissolves in favour of intersubjective, spiritual relationality and co-existence. This paper uses a feminist comparative analysis to examine the relevance of Irigaray's ideas on ethical sexual difference in the works of both Abouzeid and Nejjar. It emphasises how these narratives foreground a symbolic female and feminist ethical consciousness that redefines heterosexual relational dynamics. This consciousness is seen as a transformative process that transcends orthodox textual/sexual politics that often subscribe to subjugation and assimilation. It brings into being a new female and feminist discourse that affirms an ethical "amorous exchange," wherein reciprocal respect, understanding, and recognition of one another's differences can foster a more genuine sense of subjectivity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sanae KALLOUBI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Role of the Social Justice in Achieving Freedom and Equality
The study aimed at explaining the role of social justice in achieving freedom and equality, while the problem of the study centered on a pivotal question meaning: what is the role of social justice in achieving freedom and equality. And to answer the question of the study and achieve its objectives, the study used the descriptive analytical method. And the study came to assure that the social justice has an effective role in achieving freedom and equality. Also, the study let us reach numerous results, the most significant of which are: the social justice is considered one of the most important indicators for enhancing social and political stability in states and democratic communities, and the social justice has an effective role in achieving freedom and equality and both of them are intertwined. Their outcomes required numerous recommendations the most important of which are: spreading cultural awareness among citizens with the significance of the social justice and its role in achieving freedom and equality among all categories of the society, and guarantee of independence of the control corporations and institutions of fairness, transparency and the judicial authority to strengthen the role of the social justice in achieving freedom and equality to all categories of the society.
The Role of Communication in Enhancing PKK Community Kitchen Initiatives for Stunting Reduction in Lebak Regency (A Case Study of Rangkasbitung District)
Stunting in Lebak Regency has become a serious concern as it reflects the condition of maternal and child well-being, which is influenced by undernutrition, economic constraints, and suboptimal caregiving practices, with approximately 4,391 children affected. In response to this condition, the Family Welfare Movement Team (Tim Penggerak PKK) has implemented various activities, including nutrition education, cooking demonstrations, the utilization of family medicinal plants (TOGA), strengthening of integrated health posts (posyandu), promotion of clean and healthy living practices, cross-sector collaboration, and continuous monitoring. These activities have been integrated into the ten core PKK programs, which are holistic in nature and encourage family and community participation. This study aimed to describe the communication processes and elaboration carried out by the Family Welfare Movement Team through the Dapur PKK Program in efforts to enhance maternal and child well-being, particularly in relation to stunting prevention. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method and was conducted in Lebak Regency from June to November 2025. Ten informants were selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria and the relevance of information. Data were analyzed thematically through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to understand communication patterns, forms of elaboration, and the role of the Family Welfare Movement Team. The findings showed that communication and elaboration within the Dapur PKK Program occurred in a hierarchical and participatory manner through coordination meetings, digital group communication, official correspondence, as well as cooking practices and technical assistance. These processes shaped nutritional understanding, encouraged changes in family practices, and increased awareness of healthy dietary patterns and child nutrition among mothers and families. The communication strategy integrated personal, participatory, and cross-sector approaches through the involvement of community leaders, health professionals, and the use of digital media. The study concludes that the Dapur PKK Program plays a role in supporting maternal and child well-being and stunting prevention efforts. Hierarchical and participatory communication strategies are recommended to be continuously developed by expanding cross-sector collaboration and the utilization of digital media to reach a wider range of families.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ikma Nurhikmah, Ahmad Sihabudin, Ail Muldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AI cognitive laziness in programming learning among university students
Artificial intelligence become an essential part in education. In this research we study the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence GenAi tools on student adoption in programming learning, the data was collected from 105 students how study a programming language in the university the survey include 20 question that is analysis to find the mean, standard deviation and AI dependency Index the result show that the AI Dependency is 3.6 which indicates that student over-reliance on these tools so this will reduce the cognitive effort made by students during learning, we recommend to use these tools to support learning process rather than reduce the critical thinking and cognitive effort.
Artificial intelligence tools, cognitive effort, AI dependency, learning
Copyright (c) 2026 Hadeel Alshboul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Spiritual Intelligence and its Relationship with the Behavioral Indicators which Connected with the Central Nervous System CNS among Psychiatric Clinics Patients
Awareness of mental health, coupled with the rising rates of stress and anxiety among individuals, has led to a global increase in the demand for mental health services. Mental health disorders, including anxiety and depression, are among the leading causes of disability worldwide, resulting in significant burdens at multiple levels—most notably the individual, family, social, and economic levels. The study aims to answer the following main research question: What is the relationship between spiritual intelligence and behavioral indicators associated with the central nervous system among patients attending psychiatric clinics? From this main question, several sub-questions emerge. First, what is the level of spiritual intelligence among patients attending psychiatric clinics? Second, what is the level of behavioral indicators associated with the central nervous system among patients attending psychiatric clinics? Third, is there a statistically significant relationship at the significance level (α < 0.05) between spiritual intelligence and behavioral indicators associated with the central nervous system among patients attending psychiatric clinics? Finally, are there statistically significant differences at the significance level (α < 0.05) in the levels of spiritual intelligence and behavioral indicators associated with central nervous system functions among patients attending psychiatric clinics that can be attributed to gender, age, educational level, and marital status?
Spiritual Intelligence; Behavioral Indicators; Central Nervous System; CNS; Psychiatric Clinics Patients
Ḥudud and Islamic Morality. Overview of Ḥudud and its Controversy
This article examines the controversy surrounding ḥudud laws within Islamic jurisprudence and their perceived incompatibility with international human rights standards. It explores how punishments associated with ḥudud, such as amputation, flogging, and stoning, are widely criticised for violating global norms that prohibit cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment, as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The paper further analyses tensions between Islamic moral codes and Western conceptions of individual freedoms, particularly in areas such as religious conversion, privacy, and sexual autonomy. The study also engages with the reformist perspective of Tariq Ramadan, who advocates for a contextual reinterpretation of Islamic texts and calls for a moratorium on the application of ḥudud punishments. While acknowledging the scriptural basis of these laws, Ramadan emphasises the importance of historical context, strict conditions of application, and contemporary socio-political realities. The article concludes by highlighting the ongoing debate between traditionalist and reformist approaches, demonstrating the complexity of reconciling Islamic legal traditions with modern human rights frameworks.
Ḥudud - Islamic law - Human rights - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) -Penal code - Sharia - Religious freedom - Legal reform - Islamic jurisprudence
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdeladim Zehani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on the Current Status of Resource Allocation Efficiency in China's Higher Education
Based on data from 2018 to 2022, this study investigates the current situation, existing problems, and potential countermeasures regarding the efficiency of resource allocation in China's higher education. While China's higher education system has been expanding in scale, there is a significant regional imbalance in resource allocation. Substantial disparities exist between the eastern, central, and western regions, as well as between economically developed and underdeveloped areas, concerning the number of regular higher education institutions, senior faculty talent, graduate output, and research productivity. Furthermore, challenges persist in aligning disciplinary offerings with market demands, enhancing internationalization levels, and improving the efficiency of fund utilization, all of which hinder the full optimization of resource allocation efficiency. To enhance the efficiency of higher education, this paper proposes measures such as optimizing the structure of fiscal investment across regions, expanding social and international educational resources, and establishing a scientific multi-dimensional evaluation system. These approaches aim to promote a more balanced and efficient allocation of resources, ultimately contributing to the equitable and high-quality development of higher education.
Higher education; resource allocation efficiency; issues; measure
Copyright (c) 2026 Qi'an Zhong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A systematic Review of Studies on Adult Reading Practices, Interests, Habits and Challenges
This study presents a systematic review (SR) of eleven studies conducted by the author over a twenty year period (2004–2023), offering a comprehensive and longitudinal examination of adult L1 recreational reading in Arab contexts. Collectively, these studies provide an integrated view of adult reading practices, interests, habits, motivation, challenges, literacy campaigns and reading promotion programs. The corpus was organized into four thematic clusters: (i) digital reading, social media, and contemporary reading behavior; (ii) reading interests, preferences, and popular genres and topics; (iii) literacy campaigns and reading promotion programs; and (iv) reading challenges and the broader decline of reading culture. Across the corpus, findings consistently show that although adults show a clear preference for specific genres, particularly fiction, entertainment oriented topics, and self development materials, actual engagement in recreational reading remains limited. This gap between interest and practice is affected by a number of structural, cultural, and technological barriers such as the dominance of entertainment driven media environments, the persistent misalignment between school curricula and college students’ reading interests, and the limited role of families and communities in cultivating and enhancing reading habits. Despite these constraints, the review identifies promising strategies for enhancing reading culture, including the strategic use of digital reading tools, community based reading initiatives, and successful national literacy campaigns worldwide. By consolidating two decades of research within a coherent author bounded corpus, this SR fills a critical gap in global L1 recreational reading scholarship, where adult reading—particularly in Arabic—remains significantly under examined. The findings underscore the need for multi level interventions that integrate educational reform, digital literacy development, family and community engagement, and sustained policy support. Strengthening adult recreational reading is not only a cultural priority but also a foundation for lifelong learning, personal development, and societal well being. Thus, this SR contributes a regionally grounded yet globally relevant perspective, offering insights that can inform future research scope, guide educational and cultural practice, and support national efforts to cultivate a log-term reading culture across the Arab world.
Systematic Review (SR), recreational reading, Al-Jarf reading research program, adult readers, reading practices, reading habits, reading interests, adult literacy, reading promotion programs, reading challenges
A Glimpse of the Sun as a Timeless Motif in Elizabethan Renaissance: Shakespearean Sonnets 7, 18, and 33
Ever since the creation of man, he has been fascinated with the Sun as an essential element of nature that determines change in his daily life. In accordance with the natural cycle of the Sun from the east to the west, man started to calculate not only the time of the day, but also to determine the season of the year. Therefore, man rapidly started to view the Sun as a rich source of creativity due to its distinctive traits of size, light, and heat; which are incomparable to anything else. With its daily recurrence, primitive man started to look at the Sun and imagine it to be something like a golden chariot crossing the sky, while the Greco-Roman classics associated it with a heroic or divine figure as Apollo or Helios. In this article, the Sun is looked at during the Elizabethan Renaissance; particularly by the one and only “Bard of Avon” William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) in his Sonnets 7, 18, and 33. In this collection of sonnets, the persona expresses his emotions and passions towards his beloved, where the Sun plays a vital role in their depiction. The article adopts a critical framework that attempts to highlight how Shakespeare looks at the Sun as something beyond a symbol or an archetype. The article attempts to illustrate how Shakespeare in Sonnets 7, 18, and 33 resorts to the Sun as a recurrent motif in a general outline of storytelling. In spite the fact that the persona does establish an evident connection of resemblance as well as a means of comparison between his beloved and the Sun , yet the Sun eventually proves to surpass humans, who change over time, while the Sun remains glorious and pure.
Beloved, Persona, Shakespeare, Sonnets, Sun.
Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea: Identity in postcolonial analyses and literature
Colonial literature established lopsided cultural hierarchies by portraying the West as civilized, rational, and morally superior to the colonized who were represented as violent, irrational, and culturally inferior to the former. Rigid dividing lines created by such hegemonic discourse made essential the construction of identities amidst racial and gendered power structures. Dominant western narratives reinforced exclusion and power imbalances by silencing, stereotyping, and relegating minorities to marginal roles. This study draws on Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978) and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s concept of subaltern silencing (1988) to examine how hegemonic discourse operates in Charlotte Bronte representation of Bertha Mason as a racialized and violent Other in her 1847 novel Jane Eyre. It also analyzes how the narrative authority is manipulated to construct an imperial reading of Bertha as an irrational and uncivilized character. Further, the study explores how Jean Rhys reconfigures this representation by restoring historical, racial, and gendered context to Bertha reimagined as Antoinette in Wide Sargasso Sea (1966). It examines the role of narrative revision and postcolonial feminist critique in the novel to expose the play of race and gender in the formation of fractured identities shaped by colonial history. The study concludes with a critical reflection on the possibilities and limitations of postcolonial resistance, questioning whether narrative rewriting can fully dismantle hegemonic discourse or whether it remains structurally linked to the canon it seeks to challenge.
Postcolonial Identity, Hegemonic Discourse, Colonial Binary Opposition, Narrative Rewriting, Intersection of Race and Gender, Subaltern Silencing
The effectiveness of self-regulated learning strategies on the square equations problem-solving among ninth-grade students and arousing their motivation for learning.
The research question intended was to examine the effectiveness of employment some of the self- regulated learning strategies in solving quadratic equations among ninth grade students and increasing their motivation to learn, the research study employed a semi-experimental curriculum, and the students in the research were (60) students in the ninth-grade basic students in mathematics in one of the schools of the Directorate of Education of the Northwest Badia District and they were distributed randomly in two equal groups (one experimental and another group that was not experimental). was taught in accordance with the teaching model based on self-regulated learning, the other was a female officer who was taught in the conventional manner, and there were actually thirty female students in each group. The researcher used two tools in this study, one in the form of a test that measures the solution of quadratic equations and the other in the form of a questionnaire to measure motivation; after confirming their veracity and consistency, the study's results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level (α=0.05) between the average scores in the experimental group and the control group.The study recommended using the model based on structured learning in the teaching of mathematics; the ninth-grade quadratic equation solving module is self-taught. The results also demonstrated statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group and the control group in the measure of motivation.
Self- Regulated Learning, Solving Quadratic Equations, Motivation for Learning, Basic Ninth Graders.
Copyright (c) 2026 awad mufleh shehab alkhazam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inspirational Leadership of Secondary Schools Principals and its Relation to Teachers’ Organizational Trust in Zarqa Governorate
This study aimed to investigate the degree of inspirational leadership practiced by public secondary school principals in the Zarqa First Education Directorate and its relationship to teachers' organizational trust levels. The study employed a descriptive correlational approach. The sample consisted of 319 teachers (male and female). Two questionnaires were used to collect data: one measured the degree of inspirational leadership practice, and the other measured teachers' organizational trust levels. The results showed that the degree of inspirational leadership practiced by public secondary school principals in the Zarqa First Education Directorate was high. No statistically significant differences were found based on gender, but statistically significant differences were found based on academic qualifications, favoring those with a bachelor's degree, and on years of experience, favoring teachers with less than five years of experience. The results also indicated that teachers' organizational trust levels were high, with no statistically significant differences based on gender or years of experience. However, statistically significant differences were found based on academic qualifications, favoring those with a bachelor's degree. The results also showed a statistically significant positive correlation between the degree to which high school principals practiced inspirational leadership and the level of organizational trust among teachers.
Inspirational Leadership, Organizational Trust, Zarqa Governorate
The Predictive Ability of Psychological Stress on psychosocial Adaptation Among Elderly Syrian Refugees in Jordan
The study aimed to examine the levels of psychological stress and psychosocial adjustment among older Syrian refugees in Jordan, and to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the predictive power of psychological stress on psychosocial adjustment attributable to gender and income level. The study employed a descriptive–predictive quantitative design and was conducted on a sample of 207 older Syrian refugees residing in Amman. The findings indicate that older Syrian refugees in Jordan experience psychological stress at an overall elevated level, with economic and psychological stressors emerging as more severe compared to health-related and social stressors. Prominent economic stressors included fear of the discontinuation of assistance, financial insecurity, and loss of economic independence. Psychological stress was characterized by deep emotional distress associated with homesickness, loss and bereavement, chronic grief, death anxiety, and fear of returning to Syria amid the ongoing transitional phase. Regarding health-related stressors, significant barriers were identified in relation to treatment costs and limited access to healthcare services. While family ties functioned as a protective factor that mitigated social stress, feelings of distress stemming from emptiness and loss of social role persisted. The results further revealed that psychosocial adjustment was fragile, reflected in low self-acceptance and body image, excessive preoccupation with health deterioration, and a marked tendency toward social withdrawal and avoidance of social interaction among older adults.
psychological stress, psychosocial adjustment, older adults, Syrian refugees
Intrapersonal Communication as a Psychological Restoration Mechanism Among Quarter-Life Crisis
Early adulthood is a transitional phase often marked by uncertainty and psychological pressure, which can manifest as a Quarter-Life Crisis (QLC). This study examines how intrapersonal communication functions as a mechanism for psychological restoration among young adults in Indonesia experiencing QLC. Using an interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA), five participants were recruited through purposive sampling and engaged in in-depth interviews to explore their internal dialogue, reflective practices, and coping strategies. Data were analysed thematically to identify patterns of intrapersonal communication and meaning-making processes. Findings indicate that participants used both verbal self-talk and nonverbal reflective activities, including journaling, contemplation, and personal rituals, to regulate emotions, process experiences, and maintain psychological stability during periods of uncertainty. Intrapersonal communication also facilitated meaning reconstruction and adaptive reorientation of life goals, strengthening self-regulation, resilience, and a sense of agency. These practices persisted beyond the peak of the crisis, forming sustainable restorative pathways that support ongoing psychological well-being. The study highlights the significance of intrapersonal communication in promoting emotional regulation and resilience among young adults and points to practical applications in personal coping strategies, therapeutic interventions, family and community support, and workplace resilience programs. By integrating intrapersonal communication with psychological restoration theory, this research provides insight into how young adults in Indonesia navigate developmental challenges and recover from QLC.
quarter life crisis, intrapersonal communication, psychological restoration, self-reflection, early adulthood.
An Integrative Review of Studies on Teaching English for Art Education Purposes to Ph.D. Students
The literature revealed two major gaps: First, no systematic (SR) or integrative reviews (IRs) have examined the teaching of English for Art Education Purposes (EAEP), despite its growing relevance in Saudi higher education. No comprehensive review has synthesized research on reading, vocabulary, translation, electronic searching, research skills, or assessment within art education contexts. Second, no SRs have focused on the longitudinal development of a single scholar’s research program, although such an approach can offer valuable insights into the evolution of EAEP pedagogy, materials design, and instructional innovation over time. To fill these gaps, the present study aimed to conduct an IR of the author’s research on teaching EAEP between 2003 and 2013. The review synthesizes a decade of work on reading, vocabulary, translation, electronic searching, research skills, instructional strategies, technology integration, and assessment in English for art education contexts. Thus, this study provides a unique longitudinal perspective that is absent from existing ESP systematic reviews. This IR synthesized seven EAEP studies derived from a single teaching of the EAEP course in 2004/2005. The corpus was categorized into 5 thematic clusters: (i) Reading in Art Education, (ii) Translation in Art Education, (iii) Electronic Searching & Research Skills, (iv) Technology Integration in EAEP for Art and (v) Assessment in English for Art Education. Findings of this IR showed that EAEP instruction was grounded in a clear needs analysis that shaped all aspects of EAEP course design. Authentic disciplinary materials from art education scholarship played a central role in developing learners’ academic literacy. Reading, vocabulary, translation, electronic searching, and research skills functioned as an integrated system rather than isolated components. Structured scaffolding supported learners’ progression from guided engagement to greater autonomy. The technologies used reflected the limited institutional resources of the early 2000s but still facilitated meaningful engagement with specialized texts. Together, these findings position EAEP as a coherent form of disciplinary literacy and highlight the need for future research that explores diverse contexts and leverages contemporary digital and AI enhanced tools. This IR offers the first comprehensive synthesis of EAEP research and establishes a foundational framework for advancing disciplinary literacy in art education contexts.
Systematic Review (SR), English for art education purposes (EAEP), EAEP course design, EAEP teaching strategies, EAEP technologies, students’ needs analysis, academic needs, professional needs, EAEP assessment, art texts
The Impact of Business Intelligence on Organizational Excellence in Jordanian Commercial Banks
This study aims to investigate the impact of business intelligence on organizational excellence in Jordanian commercial banks. In an increasingly competitive and dynamic business environment, commercial banks must adopt strategic tools that enhance their decision-making processes and overall performance. Business intelligence—through its core dimensions of data management systems, data analysis systems, management support systems, and report presentation—plays a pivotal role in improving operational efficiency and sustaining competitive advantage. The study adopted a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed model and hypotheses. Data were collected from a proportional stratified random sample comprising 280 managers from senior and middle management levels across 12 Jordanian commercial banks. The findings revealed that all dimensions of business intelligence have a statistically significant and positive effect on the dimensions of organizational excellence, namely leadership excellence, subordinate excellence, strategy excellence, and operations excellence. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing investment in business intelligence infrastructure, fostering a data-driven organizational culture, and providing training for managerial staff to optimize the strategic use of BI tools—ultimately supporting sustainable excellence and competitiveness in the banking sector.
Business Intelligence, Organizational Excellence, Jordanian Commercial Banks
The awareness of students in the Faculties of Science and Information Technology regarding the importance of studying mathematics in serving the local community
The aim of this study is to explore the level of awareness among students of the Faculties of Science and Information Technology regarding the importance of studying mathematics in serving the local community, as well as the extent to which the mathematical concepts they learn during their university studies are connected to their daily lives, local community problems, and solutions to these problems. The study adopted a descriptive approach, and a questionnaire was designed to collect data from the study population. The questionnaire included several sections: general student information, awareness of the importance of mathematics, attitudes and practical behavior, and obstacles and challenges. The study sample consisted of 178 students from the Faculties of Science (Mathematics and Chemistry majors) and Information Technology (Computer Science, Software Engineering, Computer Networking Systems, and Information Security majors).
Student awareness, studying mathematics, serving the local community, mathematical concepts
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