Construction Organization Optimization for Sustainable Green Buildings: The Roles of Energy Efficiency and Environmental Well-Being

Abstract

This study develops and tests an integrated explanation of how construction organization optimization is associated with sustainable green building performance through energy efficiency and across varying levels of environmental well-being orientation. Construction organization optimization is conceptualized as the coordinated configuration of governance, information, production planning, supply-chain integration, commissioning, and continuous improvement. The study addresses the continuing gap between green design intentions and realized project and operational outcomes. This cross-sectional quantitative study used a 22-item questionnaire administered to construction professionals. The final sample comprised 421 valid responses measured on a five-point Likert scale. The model was analyzed in SmartPLS 4 using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with 5,000 bootstrap resamples, including reliability and validity assessment, mediation analysis, moderation analysis, effect-size assessment, and predictive-relevance evaluation. The results show that construction organization optimization was positively associated with sustainable green building performance (β = .304, p < .001) and energy efficiency (β = .600, p < .001). Energy efficiency was positively associated with sustainable green building performance (β = .483, p < .001), and the specific indirect effect was consistent with complementary partial mediation (indirect β = .290, p < .001). The positive association between energy efficiency and sustainable green building performance was stronger at higher levels of environmental well-being orientation (interaction β = .176, p < .001). The model explains 36.0% of the variance in energy efficiency and 65.0% of the variance in sustainable green building performance, with satisfactory reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and predictive relevance. The study connects construction organization design, energy-performance delivery, and occupant-centered environmental well-being in one model. It reframes green building success as an organizational capability rather than a collection of isolated technologies or certification credits. The findings indicate that optimized coordination is associated with sustainable performance partly through energy-efficiency delivery, while well-being-oriented governance strengthens the relationship between energy efficiency and broader project performance. The 22-item measurement model and integrated PLS-SEM assessment provide empirical evidence for an organizational, technical, and occupant-centered explanation of sustainable green building performance.