Interactive Effects of Speech Rate, Linguistic Complexity, and Working Memory Capacity on Real-Time L2 Listening Processing

Abstract

This study investigates the interactive effects of speech rate, linguistic complexity, and working memory capacity on real-time second language (L2) listening processing. Listening comprehension in L2 is a cognitively demanding process influenced by input characteristics such as speech speed and syntactic complexity as well as individual differences in cognitive resources, particularly working memory capacity. Grounded in cognitive load theory and models of real-time language processing, the research examines how variations in speech rate and linguistic complexity interact with learners’ working memory to influence comprehension and processing efficiency during listening tasks. In addition, the study seeks to identify the extent to which cognitive limitations affect learners’ ability to process spoken input under varying levels of difficulty. Understanding these relationships is crucial for explaining differences in listening performance among L2 learners and for developing more effective instructional practices. A quantitative or experimental design is employed, involving L2 learners completing listening tasks under controlled conditions of speech rate and linguistic difficulty while working memory capacity is assessed using standardized cognitive measures. Data are analyzed to explore main effects and interaction effects among the variables and to determine the moderating role of working memory in real-time listening comprehension. The expected findings aim to enhance theoretical understanding of L2 listening processes and provide pedagogical insights for optimizing listening instruction by adjusting input characteristics and task demands according to learners’ cognitive capacities. The study also aims to contribute to the growing body of research on the cognitive factors underlying second language acquisition and listening development.